#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <assert.h>

int main() {
    float f;
    double d;
    int *p, *p1;
    int s, e, mf, res;
    int md[2];
    while (true) {
        printf("Input a real number:\n");
        res = scanf("%lf", &d);
        if (res <= 0)
            break;
        f = (float) d;

        // Print the float representation
        // in human-readable form
        int exponent = 0;
        char s = '+';
        if (d < 0.)
            s = '-';
        double r = fabs(d);
        while (r < 1. || r >= 2.) {
            if (r < 1.) {
                r *= 2.;
                --exponent;
            } else {
                assert(r >= 2.);
                r /= 2.;
                ++exponent;
            }
        }
        printf("= %c %f * 2 ^ %d\n\n", s, r, exponent);

        // Float -------------------------
        printf("Float representation:\n");
        p = (int*) &f;
        printf("Hex: %08x\n", *p);

        s = ((*p >> 31) & 1);
        e = ((*p >> 23) & 0xff);
        mf = (*p & 0x7fffff);

        printf("s=%d, e=%d, m=", s, e);
        unsigned int mask = 0x400000;
        while (mask != 0) {
            if ((mask & mf) != 0)
                printf("1");
            else
                printf("0");
            mask >>= 1;
        }
        printf("\n\n");

        // Double -------------------------
        printf("Double representation:\n");
        p = (int*) &d;  // Lower word
        p1 = p + 1;     // Upper word

        printf("Hex: %08x %08x\n", *p1, *p);

        s = ((*p1 >> 31) & 1);
        e = ((*p1 >> 20) & 0x7ff);  // 11 bits
        md[0] = (*p1 & 0xfffff);    // 20 upper bits of mantissa
        md[1] = *p;                 // 32 lower bits of mantissa

        printf("s=%d, e=%d, m=", s, e);
        mask = 0x80000;
        while (mask != 0) {
            if ((mask & md[0]) != 0)
                printf("1");
            else
                printf("0");
            mask >>= 1;
        }
        mask = 0x80000000;
        while (mask != 0) {
            if ((mask & md[1]) != 0)
                printf("1");
            else
                printf("0");
            mask >>= 1;
        }
        printf("\n\n");
    }
    return 0;
}